The "Battle of Deep Bottom" refers to a series of engagements during the American Civil War in late July and August 1864, where Union forces under Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock crossed the James River near Deep Bottom to threaten Richmond and divert Confederate attention. On July 29, a Loyalist force, commanded by Col. David Fanning, came to the "House in the Horseshoe" at the horseshoe bend of Deep River. The house was occupied by a Patriot force, commanded by Col. Philip Alson. The house was Alston's house. The Loyalists captured two sentries, who were asleep, at the front gate but another sentry woke up and sounded the alarm. All of the Patriots ran into the house, barricaded themselves inside, and prepared for an attack from the Loyalists. As McKay leapt over a fence rail, Alston's men fired a volley, hitting McKay in the head and wounded most of the men that had followed him. Fanning then got a free Negro to set fire to the house. Alston saw the two men talking and suspected what the plan was. As ther black man began to start the fire, he was shot and severely wounded. Fanning got an oxcart and filled it with hay. he was going to set the hay on fire, roll it next to the house, and cause the house to catch on fire. Alston saw this going on and decided to surrender his force.