The Battle at The Village, also known as the Second Battle of Mobile, fought on January 7, 1781, was a failed British attempt to recapture a Spanish fortification at "The Village," during the American Revolutionary War. The attack was led by Waldecker Colonel Johann von Hanxleden who was killed in the attempt. After Spain declared war on Great Britain in 1779, Bernardo de Galvez, the governor of Louisiana, immediately began offensive operations to gain control of neighboring West Florida, which included parts of today's Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. In September 1779 he gained complete control over the lower Mississippi River by capturing Fort Bute and shortly afterwards obtaining the surrender of the remaining enemy forces in the region following the Battle of Baton Rouge. The British garrison nearest to Mobile was in West Florida's capital, Pensacola. The commander, General John Campbell, had under his command about 500 men, composed mostly of men from the 16th and 60th Regiments, but also including some Waldecker grenadiers and some provincial militia.

Hanxleden's force arrived near the outpost late on January 6, and made a dawn attack the next morning. Forty of the Spaniards made a dash for a boat anchored nearby, but the British cut many of them down with a musket volley. Indians from the expedition then followed the Spaniards into the water to collect scalps. Johann von Hanxleden and Philip B. Key lead a series of attacks against the entrenched Spanish position. The fourth and final attack met with partial success, with Key's men securing a foothold in the trench. However, Hanxleden would be killed when the Spanish fixed bayonets and took up defensive positions. The momentum of Hanxleden's assault was lost and Key's regiment now lacked the second column necessary to hold their position and disengaged; resulting in an organised retreat in response to a Spanish counter-attack. he British retreated back to Pensacola, and made no further attempts against Mobile. Spanish authorities in Cuba dispatched additional forces to hold Mobile when they learned of the attack. With the death of Colonel Hanxleden, a favorite commander of General Campbell on the Gulf Coast, the British forces lost a major asset in terms of military capabilities and morale. Spanish Field Marshal Galvez captured Pensacola later in the year, completing his conquest of West Florida.