The Regiment was authorized on September 16, 1776 in the Continental Army as Marshall’s Regiment. It was assigned on February 9, 1777 to the Northern Department. It was assigned on August 13, 1777 to from the 3rd Massachusetts Brigade, an element of the Northern Department. 3rd Massachusetts Brigade relieved on October 27, 1777 from the Northern Department and assigned to the Main Continental Army. Reorganized on May 12, 1779 to consist of 9 companies. Re-designated on August 1, 1779 as the 10th Massachusetts Regiment. Reassigned on November 12, 1781 from the New Hampshire Brigade and assigned to the Highland’s Department. It was assigned on August 29, 1782 to the New Hampshire Brigade, an element of the Northern Department. Reassigned on October 26, 1782 from the New Hampshire Brigade and assigned to the Highland’s Department. Disbanded on November 15, 1783 at West Point, New York.